LOGIN
Site map | Contact
Homepage | Comment
Assoc. Prof. Dr. DUC ANH DUONG
Vice President of University of Science
Chair of Information Technology and GIS Program
Ho Chi Minh City

Tel: (+84 8) 3835 52 69
Fax: (+84 8) 3835 00 96
Email: daduc@fit.hcmus.edu.vn


Position Held
  • 2007-present: Vice President
    University of Science, VNU-HCM
  • 2007-present: Chair of Information Technology and GIS Program
    Ho Chi Minh City
  • 2003-2007: Professor and Dean
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM
  • 1998-2003: Senior Lecturer, Head of Department of Software Engineering
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM
  • 1996-1998: Lecturer
    Faculty of Information Technology, University of Science, VNU-HCM
  • 1995-1996: Lecturer
    Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University, Vietnam
  • 1990-1995: Lecturer
    Faculty of Mathematics – Informatics, Ho Chi Minh City University, Vietnam
Courses Taught
Graduate Courses
  • Image Processing and Computer Vision
Undergraduate Courses
  • Image Processing and Computer Vision
  • Graph Theory
  • Data Structures and Algorithms
  • Computer Graphics
  • Software Analysis and Design with UML
  • Cryptography and Applications
Membership of Societies
  • IEEE and Computer Society
  • ACM
  • VAIP (Vietnam)
  • IEICE (Japan)
Research Interests
  • Image processing and computer vision
  • Pattern recognition
  • GIS
  • Data encryption, watermarking & stenography
  • Discrete mathematics

Department
Research group
Teaching
Research
Professional activities
  • Member/Head of the Board of Judges of ACM/ICPC local and regional contests since 2006
  • Member/Head of the Board of Juries of ITC nationwide competitions since 2001
  • Deputy Leader of Vietnamese IOI 2007 team.
  • Delegation Leader of Vietnamese IOI 2009 team.
  • Conference Co-Chair of APSEC 2011
  • Conference Chair of ICUT 2006
  • Conference Chair of ICTACS 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011
  • Conference Chair of ICTFIT 2008, 2010
  • Member of Vietnam’s ICT Conferences: National Conference on selected topics of Information Technology 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2010
  • Reviewer for Vietnam’s ICT journals since 2003
  • Program Committee of ICT-Hanoi 2008, KSE 2011, KSE 2012, PRICAI 2012, RIVF 2012, SoICT 2010, SoICT 2011
Projects
  • Project of University of Natural Sciences, entitled “Researching models for storing and processing topological maps” (2001).
  • Project of Ministry of Education and Training, entitled “Developing tools to support the management and exploitation of resource and environmental information” (1999-2004).
  • State Scientific Research Project, entitled “Researching cryptographic algorithms and information security in electronic transactions” (2003-2004). Result: Outstanding (2004)
  • Scientific Research Project of the Department of Science, Technology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh city, entitled “Researching and implementing information security methods in electronic transactions” (2003-2005).
  • Key Project of Vietnam National University – HCM, entitled “The integrated management for Faculties – EFAC” (2004-2005)
  • Scientific Research Project of the Department of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh city, entitled “Applying open source software in GIS applications for districts”.
  • Key research project of VNU-HCM , entitled “MOBILE EDU" (B2007-18-08TĐ)
  • National Scientific Research Project, entitled “Research and develop some systems to exploit multimedia data supporting Vietnamese” (KC.01.16/06-10)
  • Joined research project HCMUS-Mitani, Japan “Multi-Biometric Authentication Systems”
Books
Operating Systems
Duong Anh Duc
Publisher of Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City, 2010
Graph Theory
Tran Dan Thu, Duong Anh Duc
Publisher of Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City, 2006
Software Development Process
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Hanh Nhi, Lam Quang Vu
Publisher of Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City, 2005.
Cryptography and Applications
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Minh Triet
Publisher of Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City, 2005.
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, 4th edition
Hoang Kiem, Duong Anh Duc, Le Dinh Duy, Vu Hai Quan
Publisher of Education, 2003.
Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Hanh Nhi
Publisher of Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City, 2002.
Object Oriented Analysis and Design with UML
Duong Anh Duc
Publisher of Statistics, 2002.
Computer Graphics
Duong Anh Duc, Le Dinh Duy
Publisher of Ho Chi Minh city University, 1996.
Introduction to Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Hoang Kiem, Duong Anh Duc, Tran Dan Thu, Vu Manh Tuong
Publisher of Statistics, 1995.
Selected publications
A heuristic algorithm for finding the closest trio of 3-colored points from a given set of 3-colored points on plane
Ngoc Trung Nguyen and Anh Duc Duong
the 9th IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF 2012), Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, February 27 – March 01 (accepted)
Applying Virtual Reality for In-Door Jogging
Trung-Nghia Le, Quoc-Minh Bui, Vinh-Tiep Nguyen, Minh-Triet Tran and Anh-Duc Duong
the 9th IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (RIVF 2012), Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, February 27 – March 01 (accepted).
Sports Video Classification using Bag of Words Model
Dinh Duong, Ba Thang Dinh, Dinh Tien, Duc Duong
4th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems (ACIIDS-2012), Kaohsiung, Taiwan , March 19 ~ 21, 2012 (accepted)
Robust mobile device integration of a fingerprint biometric remote authentication scheme
Toan Thinh Truong, Minh Triet Tran, Anh Duc Duong
26th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA-2012), Fukuoka, Japan, March 26-29, 2012 (accepted)
Pool-Based Anonymous Communication Framework for High Performance Computing
Minh-Triet Tran, Thanh-Trung Nguyen, Anh-Duc Duong, Isao Echizen
Journal of Supercomputing, Springer, DOI: 10.1007/s11227-010-0445-8, Volume 55, Number 2, pp. 246-268, 2011
A Computer Vision-based Information Retrieval System for Soccer Videos
Quang Tran, Tien Dinh, Duc Duong
ITwenty-sixth International Conference Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, IVCNZ 2011, November 29 - December 1, 2011, Auckland, New Zealand.
Long-view Player Detection Framework Algorithm in Broadcast Soccer Videos
Quang Tran, An Tran, Tien Dinh, Duc Duong
The 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC 2011) LNAI 6839, pp. 557-563, Zhengzhou, China, August 11-14, 2011.
Fast Face Sequence Matching in Large-scale Video Databases
Hung Thanh Vu, Thanh Duc Ngo, Thao Ngoc Nguyen, Duy-Dinh Le, Shin'ichi Satoh, Bac Le Hoai, Duc Anh Duong
International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2011)
Automatic Player Detection, Tracking and Mapping to Field Model for Broadcast Soccer Videos
Quang Tran, Bac Vo, Tien Dinh, Duc Duong
The 9th ACM International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing & Multimedia (MoMM 2011), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, December 5-7, 2011.
Robust Dynamic ID-Based Remote Mutual Authentication Scheme
Toàn Thịnh Trương, Minh Triết Trần, Anh Đức Dương
The 4th International Conference on Theories and Applications of Computer Science (ICTACS 2011), Special Issue on Theories and Applications of Computer Science, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 49, No. 5, 2011, pp. 79-90.
Soccer Video Retrieval for Under-resourced Languages Using Subspace Gaussian Mixture Models: A Vietnamese Case Study
Nhut M. Pham, Duc A. Duong, Quan H. Vu
Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology (ICIMT 2010), pp. 68-72
A New Method for Splitting Clumped Cells in Red Blood Images
Ngoc-Tung Nguyen, Anh-Duc Duong, Hai-Quan Vu
Proceedings of Second International Conference on Knowledge and Systems Engineering (KSE 2010), pp. 3-8
A robust transcription system for soccer video database
Pham, N.M.; Duong, D.A.; Vu, Q.H.
Proceedings of International Conference on Audio Language and Image Processing (ICALIP 2010), pp. 1066-1072
An Efficient Method for Face Retrieval from Large Video Datasets
Thao Ngoc Nguyen, Thanh Duc Ngo, Duy-Dinh Le, Shin'ichi Satoh, Bac Hoai Le, Duc Anh Duong
Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR2010), Xi’an, China, Jul 2010
Bi-Directional RPROB-Based Location Anonymizer System for Location-Based Services
Minh-Triet Tran, Vi-Minh Luong, Anh-Duc Duong, Isao Echizen
Third IEEE International Symposium on Trust, Security and Privacy for Emerging Applications (TSP-10), the 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2010), June 29-July 1, 2010, Bradford, UK.
Binomial-Mix-based Location Anonymizer System with Global Dummy Generation to Preserve User Location Privacy in Location-Based Services
Minh-Triet Tran, Isao Echizen, Anh-Duc Duong
Fourth International Workshop on Advances in Information Security (WAIS-2010), Fifth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security ARES 2010, February, 15th - 18th 2010, Krakow,Poland, ISBN 978-0-7695-3965-2, pp.580-585.
RPROB - A Family of Binomial-Mix-based Anonymous Communication Systems
Minh-Triet Tran, Anh-Duc Duong, Isao Echizen (2009)
In Proc. of 2009 IEEE/IFIP International Symposium on Trust, Security and Privacy for Pervasive Applications (TSP-09), Oct 12-15, 2009, Macau SAR, P.RC., ISBN 978-1-4244-5113-5, pp. 765-770
XPROB - A Generalized Pool-Based Anonymous Communication Framework
Minh-Triet Tran, Anh-Duc Duong, Isao Echizen (2009)
In Proc. of The Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIHMSP2009), Sep.12-14, 2009, Kyoto, Japan, ISBN 978-0-7695-3762-7, pp. 52-55
Adaptive Hybrid Mean Shift
Duong Duc, Phong Le, Quan Hai Vu, Nam Trung Pham (2009)
In Proc. of 2009 IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Telecommunication Technologies (IEEE-RIVF 09), July 14-16, 2009
Gray S-box for Advanced Encryption Standard
Tran Minh Triet, Bui Doan Khanh, Duong Anh Duc (2008)
Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS’08), Suzhou-SIP, China, Dec. 13-17, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7695-3508-1, pp. 253-258.
Robust Face Track Finding in Video Using Tracked Points
Thanh Duc Ngo, Duy-Dinh Le, Shin'ichi Satoh, Duc Anh Duong (2008)
In Proc. of The Fourth International Conference On Signal-Image Technology & Internet–Based Systems (SITIS' 2008)
A Text Segmentation Based Approach to Video Shot Boundary Detection
Duy-Dinh Le, Shin'ichi Satoh, Thanh Duc Ngo, Duc Anh Duong (2008)
In Proc. of the International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Australia, Oct 2008
Content Protection and Access Control System with Embedded Device in Multimedia Service
Trần Minh Triết, Dương Anh Đức, Đậu Ngọc Hà Dương, Châu Thành Đức (2008)
In proceedings of the 6th National Conference “Selected Issues in IT and Communication”, Đại Lải, Sep. 14-15, 2007, Publisher of Natural Science and Technology, pp. 131-141
Safe Coefficient Sets of the MixColumns Transformation in Rijndael Block Cipher
Tran Minh Triet, Duong Anh Duc, Bui Doan Khanh (2007)
5th IEEE International Conference Research, Innovation and Vision of the Future RIVF 2007, Ha Noi, Vietnam, 2007, pp 125-130.
Video data retrieval based on hierarchical model
Nguyễn Lãm, Lý Quốc Ngọc, Dương Anh Đức (2007)
Journal of Informatics and Cybernetics, Vietnam, Vol 1, No 2, 2007
Image Filtering Using Visual Information Consistency
Van B. Dang, Duy-Dinh Le, Duc A. Duong (2006)
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Theories and Applications of Computer Science (ICTACS 2006), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2006, pp 51 – 64
Image Retrieval Based on Visual Information Concepts and Automatic Image Annotation
Quoc Ngoc Ly, Anh Duc Duong, Thach Thao Duong, Duc Thanh Ngo (2006)
Proceedings of the First International Conference on Theories and Applications of Computer Science (ICTACS 2006), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2006, pp. 79 – 92
Ridge and Valley based Face Detection
Tran Le Hong Du, Duong Anh Duc, Duong Nguyen Vu (2006)
Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference Research, Innovation and Vision of the Future RIVF 2006, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Feb. 12-16, 2006, pp. 236-242
Hand Gesture Classification Using Boosted Cascade of Classifiers
Thang B. Dinh, Van B. Dang, Duc A. Duong, Tuan T. Nguyen, Duy-Dinh Le (2006)
Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference Research, Innovation and Vision of the Future RIVF 2006, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Feb. 12-16, 2006, pp 138-143
A Proposed Framework for Building a Recommender Search Engine
Khiet V. Nguyen, Duc A. Duong, Nhan D. D. Le (2006)
Proceedings of 4th IEEE International Conference Research, Innovation and Vision of the Future RIVF 2006, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Feb. 12-16, 2006, pp 160-165
Applying the AES and Its Extended Versions in a General Framework for Hiding Information in Digital Images
Tran Minh Triet, Duong Anh Duc (2005)
Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS2005), Springer-Verlag, 2005, pp. 605-610.
Image retrieval based on content with image spelling method
Nguyễn Lãm, Lý Quốc Ngọc, Dương Anh Đức (2005)
Journal of Scientific and Technological Development of VNU-HCMC, Vol 8, July 2005
Independent coefficient analysis and application in data hiding
Dương Anh Đức, Dương Minh Đức (2005)
National Conference on selected topics of Information Technology 2005, Dalat, Vietnam, 2005.
Safe coefficients of the mixcolumns transformation and the capability to customize the implementation of Rijndael block cipher
Tran Minh Triet, Duong Anh Duc (2005)
FAIR’05, Ho Chi Minh city Vietnam, 2005.
Applying the Online Bidding Model in Hotel Room Assignment Problem
Le Thi Nhan, Le Thuy Anh, Duong Anh Duc (2005)
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference Research, Innovation and Vision of the Future RIVF 2005, Can Tho, Vietnam, Feb. 21-24, 2005, pp. 339-341, 2005.
Hierarchical Data Model in Content-based Image Retrieval
Quoc Ngoc Ly, Anh Duc Duong (2005)
International Journal of Information technology, International Conference on Intelligent Computing (ICIC 2005), August 23-28, 2005, Hefei, China
Applying the Robust Psychoacoustic Audio Watermarking Technique in Internet Digital Traditional Music Museum in Vietnam
Tran Minh Triet, Duong Anh Duc (2004)
38th IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology - ICCST 2004, USA, Oct 2004, pp 285-288.
The Hough Transform – A Radon-Like Transform
Nguyen Dinh Thuc, Duong Anh Duc (2004)
International Conference on Electronics, Informations, and Communications ICEIC 2004, 16-18 Auh, 2004, HaNoi, Vietnam, pp 274-275.
Some Issues of Information Starage Management for GIS Applications on Pocket PC and Windows CE 3.0
Duong Anh Duc, Le Thuy Anh, De Lenh Hung Son (2004)
International Conference on Electronics, Informations, and Communications ICEIC 2004, 16-18 Aug, 2004, HaNoi, Vietnam, pp 405-409.
Optimizing Speed for Adaptive Local Thresholding Algorithm Using Dynamic Programming
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Le Hong Du, Tran Duc Duan (2004)
International Conference on Electronics, Informations, and Communications ICEIC 2004, 16-18 Aug, 2004, HaNoi, Vietnam, pp 438-441.
Combining Hough Transform and Contour Algorithm for Detecting Vehicles’ License-Plates
Tran Duc Duan, Duong Anh Duc, Tran Le Hong Du (2004)
2004 International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing ISIMP 2004, 20-22 Oct, 2004, Hong Kong, pp 747-750.
Some issues in GIS application development in Pocket PC
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Thụy Anh, Võ Sỹ Nam, Đỗ Lệnh Hùng Sơn (2003)
9th national conference on GIS, University of Technology - HCM, Nov /2003
Web services and application in WEBGIS
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy, Nguyễn Phước Tất Đạt (2003)
9th national conference on GIS, University of Technology - HCM, Nov /2003.
Applying Algebraic Curves In Digital Image Vectorization
Hoang Van Kiem, Duong Anh Duc (2002)
Journal of Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, India, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2002.
A Fast Algorithm for Polygon Clipping
Hoang Van Kiem, Duong Anh Duc, Le Dinh Duy (2002)
Journal of Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, India, Vol. 13, No. 1, 2002.
Building a topological map edit tool with the support of CGAL
Duong Anh Duc, Nguyen Dong Ha and Le thi Thuy Hang (2002)
CGAL User Workshop, Spain, June 2002
A Solution for Topological Map Edit-tool Developing
Duong Anh Duc, Nguyen Dong Ha and Le thi Thuy Hang (2002)
International Conference on Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Technology, e-Business, and Applications (CSITeA’02) Brazil, June 2002.
The Advanced Encryption Standard And Its Application in the examination security in Vietnam
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Minh Triet, Luong Han Co (2002)
International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing – 2002, The Orleans, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, Apr. 2002
The extended Rijndael-like Block Ciphers
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Minh Triet, Luong Han Co (2002)
International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing – 2002, The Orleans, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, Apr. 2002
The Visualization Toolkit and Its Applications
Dương Anh Đức, Trần Minh Triết, Lương Hán Cơ (2002)
School on Scientific Computing and Applications, 8th Conference on Science and Technology, Vietnam, Mar 2002.
The AES and Its Applications in Information Security Systems
Dương Anh Đức, Trần Minh Triết, Lương Hán Cơ (2002)
School on Scientific Computing and Applications, 8th Conference on Science and Technology, Vietnam, Mar 2002.
Introduction to OPENGIS, Scientific Conference on applications and GIS development
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy (2001)
Can Tho, Vietnam 2001
The extended version of the Rijndael Block Cipher
Duong Anh Duc, Tran Minh Triet, Luong Han Co (2001)
Journal of Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, India, Vol. 12, No. 2, Dec. 2001
Applying the AES and Its Extended Versions in the Secured Email Systems in VietNam
Dương Anh Đức, Trần Minh Triết, Lương Hán Cơ (2001)
25th anversary conference of Institute of Information Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam, Dec 2001.
The 256/384/512-bit version of the Rijndael Block Cipher
Dương Anh Đức, Trần Minh Triết, Lương Hán Cơ (2001)
Journal of Informatics and Cybernetics, Vietnam, Vol 17, No 4, Dec 2001.
A Fuzzy Hough Transform Algorithm for Line Detection
Duong Anh Duc, Bui Doan Khanh, Vu Thanh Nguyen (2001)
Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing IVCNZ01, New Zealand 2001, pp. 249-252.
A Fast Elliptic Object Detection Algorithm
Duong Anh Duc, Dao Minh Son (2001)
Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing IVCNZ01, New Zealand 2001, pp. 265-270.
An Algorithm for Map Vectorization
Duong Anh Duc (2001)
Proceedings of International Conference on Image and Signal Processing ICISP’2001; 03-05 May 2001.
Parallel Algorithms for Hough and Radon Transforms
Duong Anh Duc (2000)
National Conference on selected topics of Information Technology; Hue 09-11 Jun 2000
Application of UML and RUP in software development
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy, Lâm Quang Vũ, Lâm Nguyễn Trung Nam (2000)
National Conference on Information Technology; Hue 09-11 Jun 2000.
Research on some approaches in WebGIS development
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy (2000)
Scientific Conference of HCMUNS, VNU-HCM, May 2000
A fast polygon clipping algorithm
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy (2000)
Scientific Conference of HCMUNS, VNU-HCM, May 2000.
An Application of Radon Transform for Automatic Map Vectorization
Duong Anh Duc, Bui Doan Khanh (2000)
IT@EDU2000
Some applications of graph theory in developing traffic guiding systems
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Thụy Anh, Đinh Bá Tiến (1999)
1st Conference on Maths Applications, Ha Noi, 23-25 Dec 1999.
Research and propose a process for GIS education in Vietnam
Dương Anh Đức, Lê Đình Duy (1999)
5th National Conference on GIS Applications, Mar 1999
The Hough Transform for edge detecting
Dương Anh Đức, Nguyễn Hồng Sơn (1998)
National Conference on Applied IT, Aug 1998, pp. 58-66.
Vietnamese name recognition in card reading machine
Nguyễn Hồng Sơn, Dương Anh Đức (1998)
National Conference on Applied IT, Aug 1998, pp. 67-83.
A formulation of Quantum Field Theory in an 8-Dimentional Unified Space
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1994)
KEK-TH-343, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1994, pp 3338-3359.
Decay of the Bottom Meson
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1993)
Journal Nuovo cimento A, ISSN 0369-3546 CODEN NCIAAT, Vol. 106, No 9, 1993, pp 1207-1228.
Decay of the DS-Meson
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1993)
Journal Nuovo cimento A, ISSN 0369-3546 CODEN NCIAAT, Vol. 106, No 8, 1993, pp 1013-1027.
Some applications of Bresenham algorithm in computer graphic and digital image processing
Dương Anh Đức, Nguyễn Minh Nam (1993)
Ho Chi Minh City Mathematics Consortium Proceedings, First Conference, 1993, pp 211-216.
Unification of Electromagnetic, Strong and Weak Interaction
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1993)
IC-93-311, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1993.
A Theory Approach for Creation of the Matter of Universe
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1993)
IC-93-284, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1993
Decay of the J/
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1992)
Journal Nuovo cimento A, ISSN 0369-3546 CODEN NCIAAT, Vol. 105, N0 11, 1992, pp 1703-1727.
Allowed Channels of the Decays of μ-Lepton and τ-Lepton
Duong Van Phi, Duong Anh Duc (1992)
Annals of Ho Chi Minh City University B, 1992, pp 05-25



©2006-2009
Falcuty of Information Technology - HCM University of Science
227 Nguyễn Văn Cừ Street, Ward 5, HCM City
(08) 8354266 - (08) 8324467